Dab-damiyayaashu waa ilaaliyayaasha nolosha iyo hantida dadka, halka gawaarida dab-damiska ay yihiin qalabka ugu muhiimsan ee dab-damiyayaashu ay ku tiirsan yihiin si ay ula tacaalaan dabka iyo masiibooyinka kale. Gaarigii dab-damiska ee ugu horreeyay adduunka ee gubashada gudaha (matoor gubasho gudaha ah ayaa wada baabuur iyo bamka dabka) waxaa lagu soo saaray Jarmalka sanadkii 1910, gaadhigii dab-damiska ee ugu horreeyay ee dalkaygana waxaa soo saaray 1932-kii Warshadda Birta ee Makiinado ee Shanghai Aurora. Ka dib markii la aasaasay Shiinaha Cusub, xisbiga iyo dawladdu waxay muhiimad weyn u yeesheen horumarinta ilaalinta dabka. Sannadkii 1965-kii, Waaxdii Dab-damiska ee hore ee Wasaaradda Amniga Dadweynaha (oo hadda ah Xafiiska Badbaadada Dab-damiska ee Waaxda Maareynta Degdegga ah) waxay abaabushay Warshadda Qalabka Dab-damiska ee Shanghai, Warshadda Qalabka Dab-damiska ee Changchun iyo Warshadda Mashiinka Dab-damiska ee Aurora. Soosaarayaasha gawaarida ayaa si wadajir ah u naqshadeeyay oo u soo saaray gaarigii ugu horreeyay ee dab-damiska ah ee si ballaaran loo soo saaray ee New China, gaariga dab-damiska ee haanta biyaha ee CG13, ee Shanghai, waxaana si rasmi ah loo soo saaray 1967. Iyadoo la horumarinayo dhaqaalaha bulshada, warshadaha gawaarida dab-damiska ee dalkayga ayaa sidoo kale si aad ah u horumaray, iyadoo leh noocyo kala duwan oo alaab ah, waxaana soo muuqday noocyo kala duwan oo gawaarida dab-damiska ah sida gawaarida dab-damiska ee kor u qaada iyo gawaarida dab-damiska ee gurmadka degdegga ah.
Gaarigii dab-damiska ee ugu horreeyay ee Shiinaha (nooca Matxafka Dab-damiska Shiinaha)
Tayada gawaarida dab-damiska waxay si toos ah ula xiriirtaa hufnaantadab-damisiyo kooxaha samatabbixinta ee fulinta hawlgallada dab-damiska iyo samatabbixinta, kuwaas oo si toos ah u saameeya badbaadada nolosha iyo hantida dadka. Sidaa darteed, dib-u-eegista heerarkeeda ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah horumarinta waxtarka dagaalka ee kooxaha dab-damiska iyo samatabbixinta. Si loo hubiyo waxqabadka iyo kalsoonida gawaarida dab-damiska, sannadkii 1987, Agaasime Li Enxiang oo ka tirsan Machadka Cilmi-baarista Sayniska Dab-damiska ee Shanghai ee hore ee Wasaaradda Amniga Dadweynaha (hadda Machadka Cilmi-baarista Dab-damiska ee Shanghai ee Waaxda Maareynta Degdegga ah, oo hadda loogu yeero "Machadka Shangxiao") ayaa guddoomiyay dejinta gaarigii dab-damiska ee ugu horreeyay ee dalkayga. Heerka badeecadaha qaranka ee qasabka ah "Shuruudaha waxqabadka gawaarida dab-damiska iyo hababka tijaabada" (GB 7956-87). Nooca 87-aad ee heerka gawaarida dab-damiska ayaa inta badan diiradda saaraya qiimaynta waxqabadka gaadiidka iyo isku-halaynta, sida waxqabadka dardargelinta gaadiidka, cadaadiska socodka bamka biyaha, waqtiga kor u qaadista gaariga kor u qaadista, iwm., gaar ahaan hawlgalka joogtada ah ee bamka dabka, waqtiga hawlgalka joogtada ah, iwm. Tiro badan oo daraasado tijaabo ah iyo xaqiijin ah ayaa la sameeyay, waxaana la isticmaalay walxaha baaritaanka waxqabadka haydarooliga iyo hababka tijaabada ee la xiriira ilaa hadda. Qaabaynta iyo hirgelinta heerkan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay hagaajinta waxqabadka haydarooliga iyo awoodaha la dagaallanka dabka ee baabuurta dab-damiska wakhtigaas.
Sannadkii 1998, daabacaaddii ugu horreysay ee dib loo eegay ee GB 7956 "Shuruudaha Waxqabadka iyo Hababka Tijaabada ee Gawaarida Dab-damiska" ayaa la sii daayay oo la hirgeliyay. Iyada oo ku saleysan nooca 87 ee heerka, noocani wuxuu isku daraa xaaladaha gaarka ah ee qaranka ee wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka gawaarida dab-damiska iyo heerarka iyo qawaaniinta khuseeya ee gawaarida ee ay tahay in la raaco. Waxay sii wanaajineysaa waxqabadka la dagaallanka dabka iyo tijaabooyinka isku halaynta ee gawaarida dab-damiska, waxayna dib u habeysay waxqabadka bareegga ee gawaarida dab-damiska Shuruudaha iyo hababka tijaabada ayaa hagaajiyay dabacsanaanta qaabeynta gawaarida dab-damiska. Guud ahaan, nooca 98 ee heerka gawaarida dab-damiska ayaa dhaxlaya fikradda guud ee nooca 87, iyadoo inta badan diiradda saareysa hagaajinta waxqabadka gaariga dab-damiska.
Iyadoo ay jirto horumarka degdegga ah ee warshadaha baabuurta ee dalkayga, tignoolajiyada dab-damiska iyo samatabbixinta, iyo ballaarinta hawlaha kooxaha dab-damiska iyo samatabbixinta, noocyada gawaarida dab-damiska ayaa si isa soo taraysa u kala duwanaaday. Dhammaan noocyada agabka cusub, tignoolajiyada cusub, qalabka cusub, iyo xeeladaha cusub ayaa loo isticmaalaa tiro badan Shuruudaha badbaadada iyo bani'aadamnimada ee isticmaalka gawaarida dab-damiska ayaa si joogto ah u sii kordhaya, nooca 98-aad ee heerka gawaarida dab-damiskana si tartiib tartiib ah uma dabooli karo baahiyaha horumarinta ee alaabada gawaarida dab-damiska. Si loola qabsado baahiyaha xaaladda cusub, loo mideeyo suuqa gawaarida dab-damiska, loona hoggaamiyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada ee alaabada gawaarida dab-damiska, Guddiga Maareynta Heerarka Qaranka wuxuu soo saaray hawsha dib-u-eegista heerka gawaarida dab-damiska ee GB 7956 Machadka Macaamiisha Macaamiisha ee Shanghai sanadkii 2006. Sannadkii 2009, heerka qaran ee cusub ee dib loo eegay ee GB 7956 "Gaariga Dab-damiska" ayaa loo gudbiyay dib u eegis. Sannadkii 2010, Xafiiskii hore ee Dab-damiska ee Wasaaradda Amniga Dadweynaha (oo hadda ah Xafiiska Badbaadinta Dab-damiska ee Wasaaradda Maareynta Degdegga ah) wuxuu tixgeliyey in baabuur badan oo ku jira heerka aysan ku habboonayn hirgelinta iyo hirgelinta dhabta ah ee heerka, waxayna go'aansadeen inay heerka u qaybiyaan heerar hoose oo u dhigma noocyada kala duwan ee baabuurta dab-damiska, taasoo samaysa heerka GB ee qasabka ah ee qaranka ee taxanaha baabuurta dab-damiska 7956. Qaabaynta taxanaha heerarka baabuurta dab-damiska oo dhan waxaa hogaaminayay Agaasime Fan Hua, Cilmi-baare Wan Ming, iyo Cilmi-baare ku-xigeen Jiang Xudong oo ka tirsan Machadka Macaamiisha ee Shanghai. Waxaa ku jira 24 heer-hoosaad (kuwaas oo 12 ka mid ah la soo saaray oo la hirgeliyey, 6 ayaa loo gudbiyay ansixin, soo gudbinta dib-u-eegistana waa la dhammaystiray. 6), kaas oo qeexaya shuruudaha farsamo ee guud ee alaabada baabuurta dab-damiska, iyo sidoo kale shuruudaha farsamo ee gaarka ah ee 37 nooc oo ah alaabada baabuurta dab-damiska ee 4 qaybood, oo ay ku jiraan la dagaallanka dabka, qaadista, adeegga gaarka ah, iyo amniga.
Shirka Dalacsiinta Heerka Caadiga ah ee GB7956.1-2014
Heerarka qaran ee qasabka ah ee taxanaha gawaarida dab-damiska ee GB 7956 ee cusub ee la sameeyay markii ugu horreysay waxay ka kooban yihiin nidaam heer qaran oo dhammaystiran oo baabuurta dab-damiska ah oo laga sameeyay Shiinaha. Qodobbada farsamo waxay daboolayaan dhinacyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah naqshadeynta, wax soo saarka, kormeerka, aqbalaadda, iyo dayactirka noocyada kala duwan ee gawaarida dab-damiska. Mawduucu waa mid dhammaystiran tilmaamayaashuna waa ku habboon yihiin. , Si dhow ugu dhow dagaalka dhabta ah ee dabka, hawlgal xooggan, iyo waafaqsan heerarka baabuurta ee hadda jira ee Shiinaha, xeerarka maaraynta ee khuseeya ee alaabada ilaalinta dabka, iyo xeerarka shahaadada gawaarida dab-damiska iyo xeerarka iyo heerarka kale. Waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay horumarinta warshadaha gawaarida dab-damiska ee Shiinaha iyo horumarka tignoolajiyada. . Habka diyaarinta taxanaha heerarka, khibradda horumarsan ee soosaarayaasha gawaarida dab-damiska ee gudaha iyo dibadda ayaa la tixraacay. Inta badan xuduudaha farsamada waxaa laga helaa cilmi-baaris gudaha iyo dibadda ah iyo bandhigyo tijaabo ah. Tiro shuruudo farsamo iyo habab tijaabo ah ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu soo jeediyay gudaha iyo dibadda. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, xuquuqda hantida aqooneed ee madaxbannaan ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta degdegga ah ee tayada gawaarida dab-damiska ee dalkayga waxayna dardargelisay waxqabadka alaabada shisheeye.
Tijaabada xaqiijinta waxqabadka haydarooliga ee gaariga dab-damiska xumbo
Tijaabi xaqiijinta walbahaarka iyo cadaadiska saaran kor u kaca gaariga dab-damiska ee kor u kacay
Xaqiijinta Tijaabada Xasilloonida ee Gaariga Dab-damiska ee Kor u Qaadaya
Heerka taxanaha gawaarida dab-damiska ee GB 7956 ma aha oo kaliya saldhigga farsamada ugu weyn ee helitaanka suuqa iyo kormeerka tayada ee gawaarida dab-damiska, laakiin sidoo kale qeexitaannada farsamada ee naqshadeynta alaabada iyo soo saarista soosaarayaasha gawaarida dab-damiska. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxay sidoo kale bixisaa soo iibsiga, aqbalaadda, isticmaalka iyo dayactirka gawaarida dab-damiska ee kooxaha samatabbixinta dabka. Waxay bixisaa dammaanad farsamo oo la isku halleyn karo. Marka laga soo tago in si buuxda ay u hirgeliyaan shirkadaha, hay'adaha kormeerka iyo shahaadooyinka ee dalal kala duwan, taxanaha heerarka waxaa sidoo kale loo turjumay noocyada Ingiriisiga iyo Jarmalka ee soosaarayaasha gawaarida dab-damiska ee ajnabiga ah waxaana si weyn u isticmaala hay'adaha shahaadooyinka iyo tijaabinta Yurub iyo Ameerika. Soo saarista taxanaha heerarka GB 7956 waxay hirgelisaa xeerar wax ku ool ah waxayna kor u qaadaysaa horumarinta iyo horumarka warshadaha gawaarida dab-damiska, waxay dardar gelinaysaa hawlgabka iyo tirtiridda teknoolojiyada iyo alaabada duugowday, waxayna door weyn ka ciyaartay hagaajinta heerka cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta gawaarida dab-damiska ee dalkayga iyo dhismaha qalabka kooxda samatabbixinta dabka. Iyadoo ay gacan ka geysanayso ilaalinta nolosha iyo hantida dadka, waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday ganacsiga caalamiga ah iyo is-weydaarsiga farsamada ee alaabada gawaarida dab-damiska, taasoo keentay faa'iidooyin bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo badan. Sidaa darteed, taxanaha heerarka ayaa ku guuleystay abaalmarinta saddexaad ee Abaalmarinta Kaalinta Hal-abuurka Heerka Shiinaha ee 2020.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-11-2021